E-Learning Pedagogies New Approaches

E-Learning Pedagogies New Approaches

What is E – Learning?
"E" must be understood to have broad meaning if e-Learning is to be effective.
E-Learning refers to the use of internet technologies to deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge and performance.                                    
 DEFINITION
            It can be anything that is electronic (electronic learning) as e-learning. such as Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classrooms, and digital collaboration. It includes the delivery of content via Internet, intranet/extranet (LAN/WAN), audio- and videotape, satellite broadcast, interactive TV, and CD-ROM.
            The use of innovative technologies and learning models to transform the way individuals and organizations acquire new skills and access knowledge
Market
            The worldwide e-learning industry is estimated to be worth over $48 billion US according to conservative estimates. Developments in internet and multimedia technologies are the basic enabler of e-learning, with consulting, content, technologies, services and support being identified as the five key sectors of the e-learning industry.
Higher Education
            By 2006, 3.5 million students were participating in on-line learning at institutions of higher education in the United States. According to the Sloan Foundation reports, there has been an increase of around 12–14 percent per year on average in enrollments for fully online learning. a report by Ambient Insight Research suggests that in 2009, 44 per cent of post-secondary students in the USA were taking some or all of their courses online. e-learning is moving rapidly from the margins to being a predominant form of post-secondary education, at least in the USA.
K-12 Learning
            E-learning is also utilized by public K-12 schools in the United States. Some E-Learning environments take place in a traditional classroom others allow students to attend classes from home or other locations.
Today many technologies can be, and are, used in e-learning, from blogs to collaborative software, ePortfolios, and virtual classrooms.
E-Learning 2.0
            The new e-learning places increased emphasis on social learning and use of social software such as blogs, wikis, podcasts and virtual worlds. Conventional e-learning systems were based on instructional packets, which were delivered to students using assignments. Assignments were evaluated by the teacher.
E-Learning Approaches
Blended Learning
Blended learning is the combination of multiple approaches to learning. Like e-learning face-to-face learning. Collaborative learning, inquiry-based learning and individualized practices like programmed learning. Personlaized system of instruction and module-based learning. A teacher must keep in mind the nature and features of media while implementing the blended strategy.
Learning environments involving distance and face-to-face contact modes and the use of multimedia often referred to as blended learning.

Computer-based learning (CBL)

            Computers as a key component of the educational environment. A computer is a versatile technological instrument that can be used in fostering students thinking and learning.

Computer-based training (CBT)

            Computer-Based Trainings (CBTs) are self-paced learning activities accessible via a computer or handheld device. CBTs typically present content in a linear fashion, much like reading an online book or manual. For this reason they are often used to teach static processes, such as using software or completing mathematical equations.  The term Computer-Based Training is often used interchangeably with Web-based training (WBT) with the primary difference being the delivery method. CBTs are typically delivered via CD-ROM. WBTs are delivered via the Internet using a web browser.

            CBTs provide learning stimulus beyond traditional learning methodology from textbook, manual, or classroom-based instruction. CBTs offer user-friendly solutions for satisfying continuing education requirements. Instead of limiting students to attending courses or students are able to acquire knowledge and skills through methods that are much more conducive to individual learning preferences and enhance the learning.

            Another advantage to CBTs are that they can be easily distributed to a wide audience at a relatively low cost once the initial development is completed. However, CBTs pose some learning challenges as well. Typically the creation of effective CBTs requires enormous resources. The software for developing CBTs (such as Flash or Adobe Director) is often more complex than a subject matter expert or teacher is able to use. the lack of human interaction can limit both the type of content that can be presented as well as the type of assessment that can be performed. Many learning organizations are beginning to use smaller CBT/WBT activities as part of a broader online learning program which may include online discussion or other interactive elements.

Communication technologies used in E-learning

Communication technologies are generally categorized as

Asynchronous activities,  Synchronous activities

            Asynchronous activities   - Communication technologies are generally categorized as asynchronous or synchronous. Asynchronous activities use technologies such as blogs, wikis, and discussion boards. The idea here is that participants may engage in the exchange of ideas or information without the dependency of other participants involvement at the same time. Electronic mail (Email) is also asynchronous in that mail can be sent or received without having both the participants’ involvement at the same time. Asynchronous learning also gives students the ability to work at their own pace. This is particularly beneficial for students who have health problems

            Synchronous activities   - . Synchronous activities involve the exchange of ideas and information with one or more participants during the same period of time. A face to face discussion is an example of synchronous communications. Synchronous activities occur with all participants joining in at once, as with an online chat session or a virtual classroom or meeting

E- assessment

Computer-aided Assessment :- Ranging from automated multiple-choice tests.

Formative Assessment :- This involves making an initial formative assessment by sifting out the incorrect answers.

Summative Assessment :- By a new set of questions only covering the topics previously taught

Pedagogical elements

            To define structures or units of educational material. This could be a lesson, an assignment, a multiple choice question, a quiz, a discussion group or a case study. When beginning to create E-Learning content, the pedagogical approaches need to be evaluated. An ideal pedagogy that allows a particular educator to effectively create educational materials while simultaneously providing the most engaging educational experiences for students.

Pedagogical approaches

instructional design :-      It is curriculum focused , and is developed by a centralized educating group or a single teacher.

 social-constructivist :-   The use of discussion forums, blogs, wiki and on-line collaborative activities.

Cognitive perspective :-   Involved in learning as well as how the brain works.

Behavioral perspective :- Role-playing and application to on-the-job settings.

Emotional perspective :-  Focuses on the emotional aspects of learning, like motivation, engagement, fun, etc.

Contextual perspective :-  Focuses on the environmental and social aspects which can stimulate learning.

Merits

e-Learning allows you to work at any place with an internet connection, at your own pace.

It is a highly flexible and convenient method of learning
reduces transportation expenses and wastage of time.
e-learning include the ability to communicate with peers all over the world.
In higher education especially, to create a Virtual Learning Environment.
There are growing number of physical universities, certificate programs via the Internet .
several universities offer online student support services, such as online advising and registration, e-counseling, online textbook purchase, student governments and student newspapers.
De Merits
The lack of human interaction.
The software for developing CBTs (such as Flash or Adobe Director) is often more complex than a subject matter expert or teacher is able to use.
Slow internet connections may frustrate.
Isolation from social interaction.
REFERENCES
www.wikipedia.org
www.elearning-india.com
EDU Tracks Book
www.google/books.com